Free and Open Source Software

Free and Open Source Software

It is computer that can be classified as both free software and open- source software. That is, anyone is freely licensed to use copy, study and change the software in anyway, and the source code is openly shared so that people are encouraged to voluntarily improve the design of the software. This is contract to proprietary software where the software is under restrictive copyrights and source code is usually hidden from the user.

            The benefits of using FOSS can include decreasing software costs increasing security and stability protecting privacy and giving user more control over their own hardware. FOSS system such as Linux and descendants of BSD are widely utilized today powering millions of serves desktop, smart phone and other devices free software licenses and open source licenses are used by many software  packages .The open source software movement is an online social movements behind wide spread production and adoption of FOSS.

Introduction to Linux

            LINUX is a UNIX base operating system. It is Original creator was a Finnish student name Linus Torvalds, although being ‘0pen source’ it has a change a great deal since it original conception. Linux Torvald was Helsinki University student who liked playing around with software and computers, and in 1991 be announced the creation of new core operating system for the personal computer, and particularly suitable for business with small IT budget. LINUX is free use and install, and is more reliable than almost all other systems running for many months and events year without a being necessary.
Linus Torvalds is a founder of LINUX operating system.

     

Linux Distribution              

A LINUX distribution is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon Linux kernel and often package management system LINUX user usually obtain their operating system by down loading one of the LINUX distributions which are available for wide variety of system ranging from embedded device and personal computer to personal super computer.

A typical LINUX distribution comprises a Linux Kernel, GNU tools and libraries additional software documentation a window system [the most common being the X window system] a window manager and a desktop environment. Most of the included in software is free and open source software made available both as competed binaries and source code from allowing modifications to the original software. Usually, LINUX distributions optionally include some proprietary software that may not be available in source code from such as binaries blobs required from some device divider A LINUX distribution may also be described as a particular assortment of application and utility software various GNU tools and libraries for example packaged together with the Linux Kernal in such a way that its capabilities meet the needs of many users. The software is usually adapted to the distribution and then packages by the distributions maintainers. The software packages are available online in so called repositories which are storage location usually distributed around the world. Beside glue components such as the distribution installer or the package management systems there are only very few packages that are originally written from the ground up by the maintainers of a LINUX distribution.


 

Linux File System

The term file system has two somewhat different meaning both of which are commonly used. This can be confusing to novice, but after a while the meaning is usually clear from the context.

One meaning is entire hierarchy of directories that is use to organize file on a computer system on LINUX and UNIX, the directories start with the root directories which contain further sub-directories each of which in turn contain further sub-directories each of which in turn contain further sub-directories. A variant of the definition is the part of entire hierarchy of directories of the direct tree that located on a single portion or disk. Which contain series each of in turn contain further sub-directories.

A variant of this definition is part of the entire hierarchy of directories or the directory tree that is located on a single potion or disk. The second meaning is the type of file system that how the storage of the data is organized on a computer disk or on a portion on a hard disk. Each type of a file system has its own set of rules for controlling the allocation of disk space to files and associating data about each file with that fie, such as its file name the directory in which it is located its permission and creation data.

Hierarchy in Linux

The file system hierarchy standard defines the directory structure and directory contents in Linux distribution. It is maintained by the LINUX foundation. The latest version is 3.0 released on 3 June 2015.

This is the home of the file system Hierarchy standard. The current version is 2.3 it was announced on January 29, 2004 .The file system standard has been designed to be used by UNIX distribution developers, packages developers and system implanters However, it is primarily intended to be a reference and is not a tutorial on how to manage UNIX file system or directory hierarchy.

User Interfaces

User interfaces two types’ problems

Is Linux Difficult  Whether LINUX difficult to learn depend on the person you are asking experienced UNIX users will say no because LINUX is an ideal operating system for power user and programmers, because it has been and is being developed by such people. Everything a good programmer can wish for is available compiler libraries development and bagging tools. The packages come with every standard LINUX distribution.

Linux for Non Experienced User as a LINUX user today you have all means of getting to   know your system inside out but are no longer necessary to have that knowledge in order to make the system comply with your request. Now days can log in graphically and start all required applications without even having to type a single character while you still have the ability to access the core of the system if needed

File and Directory Management

File manager commands that are the most useful and there for most frequently used.  File manager is powerful and important tool for managing file and directories using the graphical desktop. Every operating system as a method of storing data in file and directories so that it can keep trap of additions modifications and other changes in Linux every file stored in a directory. Directory can also contain directories these sub directories can also contain files and sub directories.